138 Anti-Infective Medication
Therapy
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This comprehensive 6-part series looks at all the classes of medications currently used to treat infectious diseases and the role of the nurse in providing both patient care and patient and family teaching. The program differentiates between bacteria, viruses, yeast and fungi, and gives common examples of each. Both hospital and community acquired infections are addressed. It begins with an overview of the assessment process, including signs and symptoms of disease and laboratory tests now available for diagnosis. Detailed information is given regarding the various treatment agents, their side effects, indications and contraindications, and the appropriate use of single agent and multiple agent therapy to treat infection. Included is information on monitoring of medication blood levels and indicators of significant side effects. Also discussed are the development and proliferation of drug-resistant microbes and the role of the healthcare provider preventing this from occurring.
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Schools: Medication administration
Healthcare Facilities: Nursing staff orientation and review; annual update
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Individual program learning objectives
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138.1 Assessment of an Infection (16 min.)
1. Differentiate between bacteria, viruses, yeasts and fungi.
2. Define “aerobic” and “anaerobic,” “Gram negative” and “Gram positive.”
3, Explain the roles of exogenous and endogenous microorganisms in the disease process.
4. List five factors that can make an individual more likely to develop an infection.
5. Discuss the role of white blood cells in combating infection.
6. List five body substances that can be cultured. |
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138.2 Nursing Implications (17 min.)
1, Define empiric therapy and its use.
2. Describe five common symptoms associated with an allergic reaction to medication.
3. List the four primary symptoms of anaphylaxis.
4. Discuss patient teaching regarding prevention of the spread of infection.
5. Describe the action taken to prevent mixing of incompatible IV medications.
6. Explain “peak” and “trough” as related to medications.
7. Differentiate between medication actions and side effects. |
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138.3 Sulfonamides and Penicillins (17 min.)
1. Differentiate between bactericidal and bacteriostatic.
2. Define the term “broad spectrum antibiotic” and explain why it might be used.
3. Define the term “narrow spectrum antibiotic” and explain why it might be used.
4. List indications and contraindications for the use of sulfonamides.
5. Discuss why combination therapy is common when using sulfonamides.
6. List the five main groups of penicillins and give an instance when each might be most effective. |
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138.4 Cephalosporin, Aminoglycosides, Macrolides & Quinolones (15 min.)
1. List the primary indications for the use of cephalosporins.
2. Discuss the use of cephalosporins in penicillin-sensitive patients.
3. Give the mode of action for aminoglycosides.
4. Discuss the use of macrolides in penicillin-sensitive patients.
5. Describe the action of quinolones against pathogens.
6. List four types of infection where a quinolone might be prescribed. |
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138.5 Antifungal and Antiviral Agents (17 min.)
1. Differentiate between localized and systemic mycotic infection.
2. List the four main types of antifungal agents.
3. Discuss administration precautions related to amphotericin B.
4. Name two infections commonly treated with topical imidazoles.
5. Discuss side effects commonly associated with antifungals and patient monitoring related to them. |
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138.6 Antitubercular Agents (16 min.)
1. List the nine common symptoms of active pulmonary tuberculosis.
2. Name three areas of the body other than the lungs where tuberculosis is likely to invade.
3. Explain my active TB is treated with more than one drug.
4. Name the four first-line agents used to treat tuberculosis.
5. List two second-line drugs used to treat tuberculosis.
6. Define D.O.T. and explain why it has become increasingly important in controlling the spread of tuberculosis. |
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